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Misinformation and disinformation

Learn how to identify and avoid misinformation, disinformation, malinformation, and fake news.

Be a good citizen: Fact check!

In his January 2025 farewell address, President Biden said:

"Americans are being buried under an avalanche of misinformation and disinformation, enabling the abuse of power. The free press is crumbling [or] disappearing. Social media is giving up on fact checking. The truth is smothered by lies told for power and for profit…. Meanwhile, artificial intelligence is the most consequential technology of our time, perhaps of all time."

It is imperative that you know how to fact check, evaluate, and stop the spread of bad information. Learn how to combat the spread of misinformation and disinformation using any and all of the tools below.

Fact check like a pro

Evaluate information like a journalist

How to fact check The Atlantic
Why does fact checking matter? Accuracy and truth. Learn about Research Chief for The Atlantic Yvonne Rolzhausen's process for fact checking information. (This article is a ~9 minute read.)

10 Tips for Fighting Fake News - How to Fact Check Like a Pro
Authored by Barbara Gray, Associate Professor and Chief Librarian at the CUNY Graduate School of Journalism


Evaluate information using The CRAP Test

CRAP Test graphic.

The CRAP Test is a tool to guide you through deciding if a source meets your definition of credible. C.R.A.P. stands for Currency, Reliability, Authority and Purpose / Point of View.


Evaluate information using The SIFT Method

Logo for the SIFT Method.

The SIFT Method is specifically built to help you spot misinformation and disinformation. It is a set of four fact-checking strategies that guide you through quickly making a decision about whether or not a source is worthy of your attention and trust.


Use fact-checking websites

CCC Librarians' recommendations are listed below.

Lateral reading

Practice “lateral reading,” a strategy used by professional fact-checkers to investigate the reliability of online sources.

Blank screen, prefer the HD version, or want Closed Captioning? Watch the YouTube video.
Originally published by UofL Research Assistance & Instruction (2021).

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